Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.（20%, 1 point for each）

1. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in ______________ words. （ ）

A. derivational  B. functional

C. inflectional  D. compound

2. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute ______________ percent of the modern English vocabulary. （ ）

A. 60  B. 80  C. 50  D. 70

3. During the Renaissance, ______________ were recognized as languages of literary heritage and great scholarship. （ ）

A. Latin and Greek   B. Latin and French

C. English and French   D. Latin and German

4. The wordnaturalizationcan be broken down into ______________ morphemes. （ ）

A.2  B. 3  C. 4  D. 5

5. Words may fall into content words and functional words by______________. （ ）

A. notion  B. origin

C. frequency   D. meaning

6. The process of affixation is also known as ______________. （ ）

A. expansion   B. inflection

C. conversion   D. derivation

7. The worddogmay have quite different ______________ meanings in different cultures. （ ）

A. denotative  B. affective

C. lexical   D. grammatical

8. Idioms are, in general, felt to be stylistically ______________. （ ）

A. formal  B. frozen

C. informal   D. neutral

9. The process by which a word of reputation slides into a pejorative use is called ______________. （ ）

A. degradation   B. transfer

C. elevation   D. narrowing

10. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the ______________ meaning of a word. （ ）

A. grammatical  B. associative

C. lexical   D. conceptual

11. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the ______________ meaning. （ ）

A. grammatical   B. denotative

C. lexical   D. connotative

12. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes such as -er in employerhave a ______________ semantic role. （ ）

A. positive  B. big  C. negative  D. small

13. Of the following sentences, it is most appropriate to say: （ ）

A. ‘a manchangeshis habits,altershis conduct, andvarieshis manner of speaking.'

B. ‘a manaltershis habits,changeshis conduct, andvarieshis manner of speaking.'

C. ‘a manchangeshis habits,varieshis conduct, andaltershis manner of speaking.'

D. ‘a manvarieshis habits,altershis conduct, andchangeshis manner of speaking.'

14. ______________ antonyms such aspresent /absentare mutually exclusive. （ ）

A. Contrary   B. Relative

C. Contradictory   D. Gradable

15. The process by which a word of wider meaning acquired a specialized sense is called ______________. （ ）

A. narrowing   B. elevation

C. extension   D. transfer

16. Words created through backformation are mostly ______________. （ ）

A. nouns   B. adjectives

C. adverbs   D. verbs

17. In a broad sense, idioms include but are not limited to the following: （ ）

A. proverbs, colloquialisms, free phrases

B. colloquialisms, catch phrases, slang expressions

C. regular combinations, catch phrases, slang expressions

D. free phrases, colloquialisms, catch phrases

18. The most productive means of conversion takes place ______________. （ ）

A. from adjectives to nouns  B. between nouns and verbs

C. from adjectives to verbs  D. between adjectives and verbs

19. The idiompart and parcelmanifests phonetic manipulation/feature of ______________. （ ）

A. rhyme  B. repetition

C. reiteration   D. alliteration

20. The main body of a dictionary is the______________ of words. （ ）

A. spellings   B. pronunciations

C. definitions   D. usage notes

Ⅱ.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.（20%, 2 points for each）

21. Compounds, such assilkwormandeasychair, function grammatically as a single word. （ ）

22. It is incorrect in saying that free morphemes are free roots. （ ）

23. As an early language, Celtic made a big contribution to the English vocabulary. （ ）

24. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word. （ ）

25. A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym. （ ）

26. The idiomearn one'sbreadinvolves the metaphorical use of metonymy. （ ）

27. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes serve to change the grammatical function of the stem. （ ）

28. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability; they have limited productivity and collocability. （ ）

29. Conversion from noun to verb is not as productive as that of adjective to verb. （ ）

30. By form, we mean both its pronunciation and spelling. （ ）

Ⅲ.Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.（10%, 2 points for each）

31.In the study of words, it is important to know about the ______________ and growth of the vocabulary.

32.Strictly speaking, idioms are not readily understandable from their ______________ meanings of the individual elements.

33.While applying rules of word-formation, we should remember that there are always______________.

34.Although reference is a kind of abstraction, with the help of ______________, it can refer to something specific.

35. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and ______________.

Ⅳ. Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to sense relations.（10%, 2 points for each）

A   B

（ ） 36. expand  A. doctor

（ ） 37. predecessor   B. mare

（ ） 38. sea   C. successor

（ ） 39. surgeon   D. see

（ ） 40. pony   E. enlarge

Ⅴ.Study the given words and decide how each word is formed.（10%, 2 points for each）

Example: disobey  （Affixation）

41. name   （ ）

42. bookmark   （ ）

43. orate   （ ）

44. doc   （ ）

45. medicare   （ ）

Ⅵ.Answer the following questions.（15%）

46. Exemplify, with one example each, the four types of clipping. （4%）

47. Illustrate briefly the characteristics of idioms. （5%）

48. Exemplify, with two pairs each, the three types of antonyms: contradictory terms, contrary terms, and relative terms. （6%）

Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the given sentence.（15%）

49. On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.