托福tpo56听力lecture3 Iceland

托福tpo56听力lecture3 Iceland，那么接下来就跟着金宝搏188入口 的小编详细了解一下吧。

Iceland托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Iceland托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:We’ve been talking about techniques for locating and dating archaeological artifacts.Now,in some places,archaeological investigations are difficult,and we have to use some special techniques.In the country of Iceland,for example.Now...um...Iceland is a volcanic island located in the North Atlantic Ocean,and about ten percent of it is covered by glaciers.

MALE STUDENT:...so...is it too cold to work there?Or maybe everything is under the ice?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Uh,no,that’s not the problem.It’s that Iceland has virtually no trees to hold down soil,and so there’s been a lot of erosion,especially erosion of soil from the highlands to lower coastal areas.And this erosion has buried much of Iceland under deep deposits of soil.And remember what I said about few trees?Well,with so little wood available,the earliest dwellings in Iceland were built mainly from compressed peat.

MALE STUDENT:Did you say,“peat”?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Yes,peat...That’s a light kind of airy soil that comes from bogs and wetlands and contains a high proportion of decayed organic matter.Anyway,the peat can be compressed and dried and made into big,thick blocks.And that’s what the walls of the early Icelandic houses were made of,mostly.Now,since the walls of these old houses were made basically of a kind of soil,they’re really hard to locate underground...‘cause the material these buried structures are made of doesn’t differ very much from the soil that surrounds them.

FEMALE STUDENT:So how do ya find these peat walls,buried in all that other soil?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Well,one way is to borrow a modern technique used by geophysicists... 

MALE STUDENT:Uh,sorry if you said this already...but uh...what are they looking for in Iceland anyway?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Uh...yes,good question!Iceland,and stories about it...uh,Icelandic sagas...have intrigued people for centuries.The sagas seem to be historical accounts of actual Norse explorers and settlers...but since we’ve always lacked hard evidence to support the truth of the stories,they seem to be more like legends.There’s always been a draw,though,almost like a calling for some of us,to verify the truth of these stories.Historians,astronomers,navigators–they’ve all tried to find proof that people settled where the stories indicate.And we archaeologists have,too...by trying to locate dwellings,evidence of animal domestication,or farming or iron smelting–any signs of early settlement.

MALE STUDENT:Cool...are you talking about,like,the time of the Vikings?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Yes,yes,that’s exactly it.One of these Icelandic sagas tells of some Viking explorers who were probably the first Europeans to cross the Atlantic and live in North America.

FEMALE STUDENT:North America?But I thought you were talking about Iceland.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:I am.See...the story tells of a Viking family from Iceland called Thorfinsson,who settled in North America for a few years,but then moved back to Iceland,which is not that far away.So,there is a great interest in investigating Viking-era sites in Iceland,especially in the place where the saga says this family finally settled.

But,back to my point...one team of archaeologists working there decided to use an electromagnetic remote sensing tool to try to locate buried structures.Now,this remote sensing tool,which as I mentioned before,is usually used by geophysicists...uh,this tool can distinguish between different materials that look the same to the eye,but have different compositions.Here’s how it works:Regular soil conducts electricity well,but walls made of peat do not conduct electricity well.So the tool sends down alternating currents of electricity and then measures how well the electric current travels though the ground in different places.Then you look at all of your data...look for patterns of electrical resistance...and this reveals where walls are located.

So anyway,the team wanted to investigate a site in Iceland that looks like the place where the old saga says the Thorfinssons built their home.And so they used this technique and found the remains of a large farmhouse there that they think probably did belong to the Thorfinsson family!Because when they dated the building,it corresponded exactly to when the Thorfinsson family should have been there,according to the sagas!Now the team is working to find other evidence,specifically personal artifacts,to show that it really was that family who lived there.Everyone had always thought the Thorfinsson house might be in that area,though probably right underneath a nearby museum...where it might’ve been damaged during museum construction.But,in fact,this Viking-era structure was located in a field behind the museum,buried just below the surface.Thank goodness for the remote sensing tool,or this house might never have been found!

二、Iceland托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在考古学课上听讲座的一部分。

女教授：我们一直在讨论考古文物的定位和年代测定技术。现在，在一些地方，考古调查很困难，我们必须使用一些特殊的技术。例如，在冰岛。现在……嗯……冰岛是一个位于北大西洋的火山岛，大约有10%被冰川覆盖。

男学生：……那么……在那里工作太冷了吗？或者一切都在冰下？

女教授：呃，不，这不是问题。冰岛实际上没有树木来支撑土壤，因此发生了大量侵蚀，特别是从高地到低海岸地区的土壤侵蚀。这种侵蚀将冰岛大部分地区埋在了深厚的土壤层之下。还记得我说过的几棵树吗？嗯，由于可用木材很少，冰岛最早的住宅主要是用压缩泥炭建造的。

男学生：你说“泥炭”了吗？

女教授：是的，泥炭……这是一种轻质的空气土壤，来自沼泽和湿地，含有大量腐烂的有机物。无论如何，泥炭可以被压缩和干燥，制成大而厚的块。这就是早期冰岛房屋的墙壁主要由什么构成的。现在，因为这些老房子的墙壁基本上是由一种土壤制成的，所以很难在地下找到它们……因为这些埋入地下的结构所用的材料与周围的土壤没有太大区别。

女学生：那么你如何找到这些埋在其他土壤中的泥炭墙呢？

女教授：一种方法是借用地球物理学家使用的现代技术；

男学生：呃，对不起，如果你已经这么说了……但呃……他们到底在冰岛找什么？

女教授：嗯……是的，好问题！冰岛，以及关于它的故事…呃，冰岛传奇…几个世纪以来一直吸引着人们。这些传说似乎是真实的挪威探险家和定居者的历史记录……但由于我们一直缺乏确凿的证据来支持故事的真实性，它们似乎更像传说。不过，总有一场抽签，就像是对我们中的一些人的呼吁，来验证这些故事的真实性。历史学家、天文学家、航海家——他们都试图找到证据，证明人们在故事所指的地方定居。我们考古学家也有……通过寻找住所、动物驯化的证据、农业或炼铁——任何早期定居的迹象。

男学生：酷……你是在说维京人的时代吗？

女教授：是的，是的，就是这样。其中一个冰岛传说讲述了一些维京探险家，他们可能是第一批穿越大西洋并居住在北美的欧洲人。

女学生：北美？但我以为你说的是冰岛。

女教授：我是。看……这个故事讲的是一个来自冰岛的维京人家庭，名叫索芬森，他们在北美定居了几年，但后来又搬回了不远的冰岛。因此，人们对调查冰岛维京人时代的遗址非常感兴趣，尤其是在传说中这家人最终定居的地方。

但是，回到我的观点……一个在那里工作的考古学家团队决定使用电磁遥感工具来寻找埋藏的建筑物。现在，这个遥感工具，正如我之前提到的，通常由地球物理学家使用……嗯，这个工具可以区分不同的材料，这些材料看起来一样，但成分不同。工作原理如下：普通土壤导电性好，但泥炭墙导电性不好。因此，该工具发出交流电，然后测量电流在不同地方穿过地面的程度。然后你看看所有的数据……寻找电阻的模式……这就揭示了墙的位置。

因此，无论如何，该团队希望调查冰岛的一处遗址，该遗址看起来就像传说中索芬森夫妇建造家园的地方。因此，他们使用了这项技术，在那里发现了一座大型农舍的遗骸，他们认为它可能属于索芬森家族！因为根据传说，当他们在这栋建筑上标注日期时，正好与索芬森家族应该在那里的时间相一致！现在，该团队正在努力寻找其他证据，特别是个人文物，以证明确实是那个家庭住在那里。每个人都一直认为索芬森的房子可能就在那个地区，尽管可能就在附近的博物馆下面……在博物馆建设过程中可能被损坏。但事实上，这座维京时代的建筑位于博物馆后面的一块地里，就埋在地表之下。谢天谢地，有了遥感工具，否则这座房子可能永远不会

三、Iceland托福听力问题：

Q1:What aspect of archaeology in Iceland does the professor mainly discuss?

A.Various techniques for dating archaeological sites

B.Causes of damage to a Viking-era house

C.Evidence of early agricultural tools

D.A method for locating buried structures

Q2:According to the professor,why are the remains of old Icelandic houses difficult for archaeologists to find?

A.The remains cannot be detected by a remote sensing tool.

B.The remains are located in areas that are now covered by glaciers.

C.The houses were made of material that is similar to the soil around them.

D.The houses were extremely small.

Q3:Why does the professor discuss Icelandic sagas about Viking explorers?

A.To help explain archaeologists’interest in Iceland

B.To help the students understand the climate of Iceland

C.To compare the geography of Iceland to that of North America

D.To provide an overview of the history of archaeology

Q4:According to the professor,what kind of data does the remote sensing tool provide?

A.The approximate age of different types of buried structures

B.The electrical conductivity of the ground at different locations

C.The chemical composition of different types of soil and peat

D.The temperature of the ground at different depths

Q5:What is the significance of the building that was found by using the remote sensing tool?

A.It might have been the first museum in Iceland.

B.It might have been built with materials from North America.

C.It may help prove that a story from the Icelandic sagas is true.

D.It may be the only building in Iceland built of compressed peat.

Q6.Why does the student say this?

A.He thinks that the professor may have already answered his question.

B.He wants the professor to repeat what she just said.

C.He is sorry that he missed last week’s lecture.

D.He cannot hear what the professor is saying.

四、Iceland托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：D

A2:正确答案：C

A3:正确答案：A

A4:正确答案：B

A5:正确答案：C

A6:正确答案：A

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