2021年7月10日雅思考试机经回忆完整版(3)

2021年7月10日雅思考试机经回忆完整版(3)关于这个问题下面小编就来为各个考生解答下。

2021年7月10日雅思考试机经回忆完整版(3)

2021.07.10.

READING

Passage 1

Topic

Andrew Carnegie, an industrialist and philanthropist

Andrew Carnegie was among the walthiest and most famous industrialists of his day, Through Camegie Corporation of New York, he established the innovative philanthropic

foundation. He was borm in 1835, in Dunfermline, Scoland. His family lived by weaving.

The town fell on hard times when industrialism made home- based weaving obsolete, leaving workers such as Camegie's father, Will, hard pressed to support their families. Carnegie's family moved to Pennsylvania. His father worked in a cotton factory. In 1848, Caregie worked in the same place. He educated himself through books, theatres and music.

Thomas A. Scot, superintendent of the westem division of the Pennsylvania Railroad and Andrew Camegie's boss, initiated the future millionaire's first investment. At that time, Carmegie worked as a secretary to him. Carnegie began to invest in car company. By 1865, Camegie had amassed business interests in iron works.

In the 1870s, Camegie was involved in steel production. He invented in steel business. In 1873, he built his first steel plant. He cut the price of steel down. He built the Carmegie

Steel Corporation into the largest steel manufacturing company in the world.

In the 1880s, Camegie bought out Henry Clay Frick's company, which owned coal fields as well as a large steel mill in Homestead, Pennsylvania. Frick and Camegle became partners. Carmegie began to spend half of every year at an estate in Scotland, in charge of diffemnt projects. Frick stayed in Pittsburgh, running the day-to-day operations of the company,

Camegie spent a lot time on travelling. He thought America is better than unequal European counties. Education is important in America. Andrew Carnegie's philanthropic career began around 1870. He founded universities and many educational institutes, donated money to education facilities, set up Funds in various fields.

Carnegie began to face a number of problems by the 1890s. With the development of technology, work eficiency improved, fewer workers are needed . Frick decided to lower the minimum wage of workers. Labor union was formed, and Carmegie believed the workers had the right to join the union. The union which represented workers at the Homestead Mill went on strike in 1892. Eventually, an armed militia had to take over the plant. Eight workers died finally.

Carnegie was informed by transallantic cable of the events in Homestead. But he made no statement and did not get involved. He was later criticized for his silence. As the 1890s continued, Carnegie faced competitin in business, and he found himself being squeezed by tactics similar to those he had employed years earlier. He refused to have conversations with his competitors.

Carnegie had already. been giving money to create museums, such as the Camegie Institute of Pittsburgh. But his philanthropy accelerated after slling Camegie Steel. Carnegie supported numerous causes， including scientific research, educational institutions, museums, and world peace. He is best known for funding more than 2,500 libraries throughout the English-speaking world.

1-8为填空题

1835-1855

1. Camegie worked in the same place as his father,

2. Camegie leamed through books, theatrical events and pieces of music.

1855-1865

3. Camegie worked as secretary to Thomas A. Scott.

1865-1870

4. Camegie lowered the price.

1870s

5. Camegie took charge of finding new. projects.

6-8暂缺

9-13为判断题

9. Carnegie thought there were more work opportunities in America than in European countries. NOT GIVEN

10. Carnegie decreased the number of workers. TRUE

11. He prevented workers from joining the labor union. FALSE

12. Carnegie blamed Frick for the strike. NOT GIVEN

13. The libraries that Carnegie founded were limited to people in America. FALSE

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