来华留学生走上兼职合法化的大道——解读《高等学校国际学生勤工助学管理办法》
2021年底颁布的《高等学校国际学生勤工助学管理办法》是中华人民共和国印发的第一版较为详细的、专门针对国际学生勤工助学活动的规范性文件。虽然之前其他法律法规中也对国际学生勤工助学的行为进行了规范,但并没有统一的、具体的文件对其进行详细指导。因此,本办法的发布具有重要的意义,它表明了我国对于国际学生的管理类法律法规正逐渐趋于完善,并且是朝着一种开放的道路在前行。那么新颁布这个文件有哪些值得我们关注的重点呢?
The Measures for the Administration of Work-Study for International Students in Institutions of Higher Learning published at the end of 2021 is the first edition of the more detailed normative document issued by the People's Republic of China specifically for the work-study activities of international students. Although other laws and regulations have previously regulated the work-study behavior of international students, there is no unified and specific document to guide it in detail. Therefore, the release of these measures is of great significance. It shows that China's laws and regulations on the management of international students are gradually improving, and they are moving towards an open road. So what are the main points of the newly issued document that deserve our attention? Let me interpret it for you:
一、关于勤工助学时长和薪酬 About Work-Study Hours and Salary
新颁布的这份文件延续了之前《高等学校勤工助学管理办法》中对勤工助学时长和薪酬方面的规定,即“学生参加勤工助学的时间原则上每周不超过8小时,每月不超过40小时”,同时明确了“寒暑假期间,原则上每周不超过16小时,每月不超过80小时”的规定。在待遇上,无论是校内还是校外勤工助学,国际学生和中国学生的计酬标准仍然趋同,即不低于当地居民最低生活保障标准或最低工资标准。
The newly promulgated document continues the previous regulations on the duration and salary of work-study in the Measures for the Administration of Work-Study in Institutions of Higher Learning, that is, "In principle, the time for students to participate in work-study should not exceed 8 hours per week and 40 hours per month", and clarified that "During the winter and summer vacations, the time for students to participate in work-study should not exceed 16 hours per week and 80 hours per month in principle". In terms of treatment, whether it is on-campus or off-campus work-study, the remuneration standards for international students and Chinese students are still similar, that is, not lower than the local minimum living standard or minimum wage standard.
【政策】《高等学校国际学生勤工助学管理办法
第五条 国际学生校内外勤工助学,原则上每周不超过8小时,每月不超过40小时。寒暑假期间,原则上每周不超过16小时,每月不超过80小时。
第六条 学校不得安排或授权学生参加有毒有害和危险的生产作业,且须确保从事勤工助学活动的国际学生已购买覆盖勤工助学活动的保险。
二、关于校内勤工助学 About On-Campus Work-Study
就校内勤工助学来说,可以预见的是,对中国学生开放的校内勤工助学岗位或将对国际学生逐步开放,另一方面,专门面向国际学生开放的、具有国际化特色的校内勤工助学岗位或将出现。相对于校外勤工助学来说,校内勤工助学在程序上较为简单、从事起来更便利、规范,保障性更强,但是薪酬水平或将不高。
As far as on-campus work-study is concerned, it is foreseeable that on-campus work-study positions open to Chinese students may be gradually opened to international students. On the other hand, on-campus work-study positions with international characteristics that are specially open to international students may appear. Compared with off-campus work-study, on-campus work-study is simpler in procedure, more convenient, standardized, and more secure, but the salary level may not be high.
【政策】《高等学校国际学生勤工助学管理办法
第七条 国际学生校内勤工助学,岗位设置应以校内教学助理、科研助理、行政管理助理和学校公共服务等为主。岗位设置既要满足学生需求,又要避免占用正常学习时间。国际学生校内勤工助学活动的薪酬支出由学校统筹安排。
第八条 国际学生勤工助学按以下标准计酬:校内固定岗位按月计酬。每月40个工时的酬金原则上不低于当地居民最低生活保障标准,可适当上下浮动。
校内临时岗位按小时计酬。每小时酬金可参照学校所在地人民政府规定的最低小时工资标准合理确定。
三、关于校外勤工助学 About Off-Campus Work-Study
本办法对国际学生从事校外勤工助学活动提出了一些前提条件,其中特别提到只有在当前学校连续学习一年以上的国际学生才能参加校外勤工助学活动,这就意味着新生不具备参加校外勤工助学活动的资格。同时,办法中提到仅“剩余有效居留时间为六个月以上”的国际学生才能参加校外勤工助学,这就意味着很多持短期学习类签证/居留许可的国际学生也被限制参加校外勤工助学。除此之外,校外勤工助学地域范围限于学校所在地设区的市级行政区域内。
值得注意的是,本办法并没有对校外勤工助学的岗位、用人单位类型、行业、从业资格等做出限制或指导。在校外勤工助学活动中,国际学生是否具有从事语言类教育工作的资格?国际学生是否可以从事演艺类工作甚至是酒吧DJ?期待这些具体的问题能够在各地/校即将颁布的国际学生勤工助学管理办法实施细则中被回答。
These measures put forward some prerequisites for international students to engage in off-campus work-study activities. It specifically mentions that only international students who have studied continuously in the current school for more than a year can participate in off-campus work-study activities, which means that freshmen do not have the eligibility to participate in off-campus work-study activities. At the same time, the measures mentioned that only international students with "the remaining valid residence time of more than six months" can participate in off-campus work-study, which means that many international students holding short-term study visas/residence permits are also restricted from participating in off-campus work-study programs. In addition, the geographical scope of work-study should be limited to the municipal administrative area with districts where the school is located.
It is worth noting that these measures do not restrict or guide the off-campus work-study positions, employer types, industries, professional qualifications, and so on. Are international students qualified to engage in language teaching jobs in off-campus work-study activities? Can international students work as entertainers or even bar DJs? It is expected that these specific questions can be answered in the implementation rules of the work-study management measures for international students to be promulgated by local governments/schools.
【政策】《高等学校国际学生勤工助学管理办法
第八条 国际学生勤工助学按以下标准计酬:校内固定岗位按月计酬。每月40个工时的酬金原则上不低于当地居民最低生活保障标准,可适当上下浮动。
校内临时岗位按小时计酬。每小时酬金可参照学校所在地人民政府规定的最低小时工资标准合理确定。
校外勤工助学酬金标准不应低于学校所在地人民政府或有关部门规定的最低工资标准,由用人单位与学生协商确定,并在聘用协议中写明酬金数额。
第九条 国际学生从事校外勤工助学活动,需满足以下基本条件:
(一)年满18周岁,符合勤工助学岗位所需的身体条件;
(二)在中国境内持有有效学习类居留证件,且剩余有效居留时间为六个月以上;
(三)遵守中国法律法规和校纪校规,品行端正、表现良好,无违法犯罪记录和违规违纪行为;
(四)已在当前学校连续学习一年以上的本专科生、研究生、进修生、研究学者;
(五)学业进展和出勤率达到学校要求;
(六)学校规定的其他条件。
第十条 学生应将与用人单位之间签署协议书副本提交学校备案,同时提交单方承诺函,对风险承担等方面作出承诺。
第十一条 国际学生在校外从事勤工助学活动,须持协议书、学校证明函件及相关材料,按照有关规定于十日内向学校所在地公安机关出入境管理部门申请居留证加注工作单位、期限等勤工助学相关信息。持用未加注勤工助学相关信息的居留证不得进行校外勤工助学活动。
国际学生变更校外勤工助学单位、期限的,应持新的协议书及学校证明函件,于十日内到所在地公安机关出入境管理部门申请变更加注信息。
国际学生因用人单位中止协议等原因终止校外勤工助学活动的,应于十日内向学校提交书面报告,并向所在地公安机关出入境管理部门办理加注信息变更。
四、温馨提示/注意事项 Tips
需要提醒大家的是,如果你的勤工助学行为超过了法律所规定的时间和范围等,那么将依然面临“非法就业”的风险及惩罚,比如罚款、拘留,甚至被遣送出境。因此,大家在从事勤工助学活动时,一定要遵纪守法。
It should be reminded that if your work-study behavior exceeds the time and scope stipulated by the law, you will still face the risk and punishment of "illegal employment", such as fines, detention, and even deportation. Therefore, let's abide by the law when engaging in work-study activities.
【政策】《高等学校国际学生勤工助学管理办法
第十三条 国际学生如有以下情况之一,学校应取消其勤工助学资格,并及时向公安机关出入境管理部门报告:
(一)完成学业、肄业、休学或退学的;
(二)违反国家法律法规或学校相关管理制度的;
(三)道德品质低劣、违反社会公序良俗,造成不良影响的;
(四)出现因勤工助学影响学业等学校认定已不宜继续勤工助学的其他情形的。
第十四条 国际学生勤工助学超出岗位范围或规定时限的,由公安机关出入境管理部门依法予以查处。
第十五条 各省级教育行政部门应会同当地公安、移民管理、人力资源社会保障等部门,对本行政区域内国际学生勤工助学活动进行协调和监管,指导本行政区域内学校结合本校及当地实际情况,制订完善国际学生勤工助学实施细则,根据当地相关规定对国际学生勤工助学岗位范围实施动态管理。
虽然本办法已于2021年底出台,但各省级教育行政部门和各高校还需要一段时间来制定各地的国际学生勤工助学实施细则,特别是需要进一步规范校外勤工助学活动的开展。因此大家不要着急,毕竟我们已经在兼职合法化的路上了。相信留学中国的未来必将是光明的,留学中国的梦想将会更容易实现。
Although these measures have been promulgated by the end of 2021, it will still take some time for provincial education administrative departments and colleges and universities to formulate detailed work-study implementation rules for international students, especially to further regulate the conduct of off-campus work-study activities. Let's be patient. After all, they are already on the way to legalizing part-time jobs for international students. I believe that the future of studying in China will be bright, and the dream of studying in China will be easier to realize.
(CUCAS来华留学网编辑供稿,作者贺佳欣)
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