语法要点：直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话，或引用自己说过的话，叫间接引语。由 于时间、地点以及人物都有可能起变化，所以间接引语中的时态、人称、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法

① 间接引语语序改为陈述句语序

陈述句用 that 引导，口语中常省略 She said，例：

“I am going to the cinema. ”

→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.

② 一般疑问句

用if/whether连接，例：

“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.

→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.

③ 反意疑问句

用if/whether连接，例：

He asked，“You are a doctor， aren’t you?”

→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.

④ 特殊疑问句

由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序)，例：

He asked, “Who will come to help us?”

→ He asked who would come to help them.

She said, “Where have you been， Simon?”

→ She asked Simon where he had been.

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词语辨析集中在对实词,即对名词动词、形容词、副词等的考查,主要考查同义、近义、形近词汇的辨析以及词组与习惯用法的辨析。

1. after, in

这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思?

after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?如:She went after three days。 她是三天以后走的?

in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中?如:She will go in three days。 她三天以后要走?

2. how long, how often, how soon

how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?

how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month。 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次?

how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来?

3.few, a few, little, a little, several, some

few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”?

few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词?

several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思?

some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量?

4.the other, another

the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指?如:We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other。 我们站在街这边,他们站在那边?

another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books。 她已经拿了我的另外一本书?

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这些动词短语在初中英语考试各个题型中出现频率都很高，同学们一定要牢记哦！

help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助…做...

help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉

help each other 互相帮助

keep up with 跟上……，不落后于……

keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静

keep sb. doing sth. 使……一直做……

keep one's diary 记日记

put on 穿上(衣服)，戴上(帽子)，上演(戏剧)

put up 建造，搭起，挂起，举起，张帖

put one's heart into 全神贯注于

put…down 把……放下

set up 竖起，建起

set off 出发，动身

set out 出发

set an example for 为……树立榜样

send for 派人去请(叫)

send out 放出，发出

end up 把……往上送，发射

turn on 开，旋开(电灯，收音机等)

turn off 关上(电灯，收音机等)

turn in 交出，上交

turn…into… 把...变成...

turn to 翻到，转向

turn down (把音量)调低

turn…over 把……翻过来

play basketball 打篮球

play games 做游戏

play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴)

play with snow 玩雪

play a joke (on) 对……开玩笑

think over 仔细考虑

arrive at/in a place 到达某处

eat up 吃完，吃光

do well in= be good at 在……方面干得好

enjoy doing sth.=like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

find out 发现，查出(真相等)

finish off 吃完，喝完

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事

hold a meting 举行会议

hold up 举起

hurry up 赶快，快点

enter for 报名参加

……>>【全文】

1.agree with 同意...的意见(想法)

I can't agree with you about that.

就那件事，我无法同意你的看法。

2.1isten to 听…

When she arrived,1 was listening to English.

她来的时候，我正在听英语。

3.get to 到达

I get to school at about 7：30 every day，and I get home at 5：00 in the afternoon.

我每天7：30到校，下午5：00到家。

4.fall off (从……) 掉下

The girl fell off the bike.

女孩从自行车上摔了下来。

5.knock at/on 敲(门、窗)

There was a heavy knock at the door.

有人在猛烈地敲门。

6.laugh at 嘲笑

It’s not good to laugh at a person who is in trouble.

讥笑一个陷于困境的人是不好的。

7.1earn(…)from… 向…学习...

Bob,you should learn from your brother.He does well in his homework.

鲍勃，你应该向你哥哥学习。他的作业完成得很好。

8.1ive on 继续存在;靠…为生

People in my hometown live on rice.

我家乡的人们靠大米为生。

9.1ook after 照顾，照看

I must look after my old grandma when my parents are not at home.

父母不在家时，我必须照顾我的老奶奶.

10.help…with 帮助…做…

My friend helps me with my English study.

我的朋友帮助我学习英语。……>>【全文】

在初中英语学习中有三个最重要的元素，首先是词汇量，另外两个，一个是语法，一个是句型！而这两者是相辅相成的，学会了语法应用到句型中，也在句型中学习语法。在这里，睿丁英语小编搜集了70个初中英语重要句型，如果孩子可以掌握，可以很明显地提高孩子成绩。如果孩子没法全部掌握，也可以潜移默化让孩子对句型有一个拓展性认识。

1. allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事(后接动词不定式)

My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.

2. asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)

My father asked me to study hard.

He asked me not to swim alone.

be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事

I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.

3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事

She is afraid to ask me questions.

4. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事

I am afraid of going out at night.

5. be afraid of sth 害怕某物

He is afraid of snakes.

6. be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶

He was amazed to meet the girl there.

be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶

They were amazed at the news……>>【全文】

介词短语顾名思义是以介词开头的短语，我们在英语阅读和平时考试中随处可以遇到它们，学好介词短语不仅可以更好的应对考试，而且对我们阅读英语文章也起着非常大的作用。

at 短语

be angry at sth. 对某事生气

arrive at 到达……(小地方)

knock at/on 敲……

at last 最后，终于

laugh at 嘲笑

look at 看，注视

at the moment 现在，此时

point at/to 指向

at times 不时

after 短语

look after 照看，照顾

name after 以……的名字命名

run after 追赶；追求

on 短语

agree on (通过协商)达成共识

call on 拜访，看望

come on 快点儿；加油

on display 在展出

hang on 稍等，别挂断

on holiday 度假，休假

play a joke on 和……开玩笑，戏弄……

keep on 继续

live on 以……为食，靠……生活

put on 穿上；戴上

turn on 打开，旋开（收音机、电灯、煤气等）

work on 从事于，致力于

to 短语

agree to 同意，答应，接受（计划、建议、条件、安排等）

go to bed 上床睡觉

compare...to... 把……与……作比较

from...to... 从……到……

get to 到达

do harm to 对……有害处

lead to 通往；导致

pay attention to 注意

to one’ssurprise 使某人吃惊的是

take...to... 把……带到/给……

write to... 写信给……

in 短语

arrive in 到达……（大地方）

in danger 在危险中

drop in 顺便拜访

hand in 交上，上交

join in 参加

in a moment 马上，立即

take part in 参加

take pride in 以……为荣……>>【全文】