长难句在阅读理解中容易给考生造成障碍，形成一种心理压力，使考生失分。如果考生面对这些长难句，在短时间内能对它们进行结构解析，确切地理解它们的汉语意思，考生在阅读过程中的问题就会迎刃而解。以下是对2008年各省、市高考英语阅读理解中的一些有代表性的长难句的解析。

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　　1.Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

　　The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，"while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and" this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，" said Professor Peter Barnes.

　　(NMET2008全国 ll D篇)

　　简析：第一个句子中有一个宾语从句，宾语从句中有一过去分词短语found in cocoa作定语，还有一个非限制性定语从句；第二个句子中有一个定语从句。

　　译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药物，可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱，其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。

　　在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道：这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得·巴恩斯教授说道："这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步"。

　　实例： 53.According to Professor Barnes，theobromine______.

　　A.cannot be as effective as codeine

　　B.can be harmful to people's health

　　C.cannot be separated from chocolate

　　D.can be a more effective cure for coughs

　　2.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth's surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth's surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet.(NMET 2008 江苏卷B篇)

　　简析：句子中含有两个定语从句，这是解题的关键。 either ...or连结的是并列结构。

　　译文：来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面，这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收。在到达低层大气的能量中，有30%的能量被云层或地球的表面所反射，剩下的70%使地球的表面温暖。

　　实例： 60.Only a small part of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's surface because most of it is______.

　　A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere

　　B.reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere

　　C.lost in the upper and lower atmosphere

　　D.used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes

　　3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the world's largest youth environmental organization.

　　(NMET 2008 山东卷D篇)

　　简析：第一句中夹杂有一个结果状语从句，又有复杂主语。主语的中心语为The response，其后的to her request for help为后置定语，第二句是由and并列的两个简单句，其中第二句中承前省略了主语kids FACE。

　　译文：人们对她请求帮助的反应如此强烈以至于波建立了一个为了更洁净环境的孩子的组织。现在这个组织在全世界有300，000名成员，并且它是世界上最大的青少年环保组织。

　　实例：72.Kids F.A.C.E is______.

　　A.a program to help students with writing

　　B.a project of litter recycling

　　C.a campaign launched by President Bush

　　D.a club of environmental protection

　　73.What can we learn about Poe?

　　A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.

　　B.She donated billboard across the country.

　　C.She got positive responses for her efforts

　　D.She joined the National Park Service.

　　4.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同龄人) group.(NMET 2008 辽宁卷C篇)

　　简析：夹杂定语从句和形式宾语结构。

　　译文：对他来说，不关心自己的学习是一种酷的标志的原因之一是受到他的同龄人的影响。

　　实例： 64.Why did Tom give up studying?

　　A.He disliked his teachers.

　　B.His parents no longer supported him.

　　C.It's cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.

　　D.There were too many subjects in his secondary school.

　　5.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008重庆卷E篇)

　　简析：句子中夹杂着固定短语，v-ing式作主语，复杂主语，v-ing式作结果状语以及定语从句。

　　译文：无穷尽的选择给人们的生活带来了无尽的烦恼。买像咖啡壶这样最基本的东西也不是那么简单了。对许多人而言，面对触手可及的一系列的日常用品却感到眼花瞭乱、不知所措，结果是购物者只好放弃选择、匆匆而去，或者仅仅买了一件并非真正需要的不合适的商品。

　　实例：73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?

　　A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.

　　B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.

　　C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.

　　D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.

　　6.As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had "seven fathers，" because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her.Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避) into books.Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.(NMET 2008天津卷A篇)

　　简析：第一句主干结构为she felt like ...because ...，句首内容为状语，because从句中有一个插入成份。第二句中v-ing作状语表原因。第三句主干结构为：she didn't ...because ...。

　　译文：作为家庭七个孩子中唯一的女孩，她常常有一种感觉，就是她拥有"七个父亲"，原因是她的六个兄弟和她的父亲都想控制她。由于羞怯和觉得无地位的缘故，她总是埋头苦读。尽管她酷爱读书，可是在小学她的成绩不佳，因为她太害羞而不能积极地参与。