完型填空的特点

　　1. 完形填空考试首先是测试考生对篇章的理解能力。虽然所给出的文章被抽去了20个词，但是整篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能理解文章内容，就难以 将正确的词填入文中。这也就是完型填空题与以单句形式考核词汇和语法的实体的根本区别。由此可见，考生在作题时必须时刻从上下文考虑，部应该只看到所添的词在短语或句子内是否可行。因此，在作题时最好将全文通读一下，了解了全文的意思以后再做题。

　　2. 完形填空考试还测试考生使用词汇和语法结构的能力。文章中留出的每一个空格要求填入一个词。考试大纲规定：“填空的词项包括结构词和实义词”。结构词（也 称虚词，有代词、冠词、介词、连词、关系词等）主要是表示语法结构关系的，在选用结构词时便需要考虑在语法上是否恰当。对实义词（名词、形容词、数词、动 词和副词）的选择既要看其意思用在句中是否得当，也要看它与其他词的搭配关系是否合适。

　　完形填空的一般性做题规律

　　中心主题原则：考生应充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。

　　复现、改写原则：由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。

　　熟词辟义原则： 考生熟悉的单词词义，但根据文章的上下文中确是例外一层含义。

　　代入、排除原则：分析备选答案之间的异同，将自己认识的选项带到原文中，从而排除干扰项选出正确答案。

　　练习与词汇解析

　　请在10分钟内完成以下题目，增强你在正式考试之前的破题能力！

　　题目：2009年6月四级考试真题

　　Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan's carmakers. He's a young, successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable ___67___. He used to own Toyota's Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses ___68___ subways and trains. "It's not inconvenient at all," he says. ___69___, "having a car is so 20th century."

　　Suda reflects a worrisome ___70___ in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, ___71___ among the young, who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices. ___72___ minicars and luxury foreign brands are still popular, everything in between is ___73___. Last year sales fell 6.7 percent—7.6 percent ___74___ you don't count the minicar market. There have been ___75___ one-year drops in other nations: sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 ___76___ a tax increase. But experts say Japan is ___77___ in that sales have been decreasing steadily ___78___ time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.

　　Alarmed by this state of ___79___, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association ___80___ a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found a ___81___ wealth gap, demographic（人口结构的）changes and ___82___ lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their ___83___ longer, replace their cars with smaller ones ___84___ give up car ownership altogether. JAMA ___85___ a further sales decline of 1.2 percent in 2008. Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer, further consolidation（结构） in the automotive sector is ___86___.

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